Ukadaulo wochotsa ma cryogenic defiashing unayamba kupangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1950. Pakupanga makina ochotsera ma cryogenic defiashing, wadutsa nthawi zitatu zofunika. Tsatirani nkhaniyi kuti mumvetse bwino.
(1) Makina oyamba ochotsera madzi oundana pogwiritsa ntchito cryogenic deflashing
Drum yozizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidebe chogwirira ntchito m'mphepete mwa chisanu, ndipo ayezi wouma poyamba amasankhidwa ngati firiji. Zigawo zomwe zikuyenera kukonzedwa zimayikidwa mu drum, mwina ndi kuwonjezerapo zida zina zogwirira ntchito zotsutsana. Kutentha mkati mwa drum kumayendetsedwa kuti kufikire mkhalidwe womwe m'mphepete mwake ndi zofooka pomwe chinthucho sichinakhudzidwe. Kuti tikwaniritse cholinga ichi, makulidwe a m'mphepete mwake ayenera kukhala ≤0.15mm. Drum ndiye gawo lalikulu la chipangizocho ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a octagonal. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwongolera malo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chitsulo chotulutsidwa, kulola kuti kuzungulira kuchitike mobwerezabwereza.
Ng'oma imazungulira mozungulira kuti igwedezeke, ndipo pakapita nthawi, m'mphepete mwa kuwala zimakhala zofooka ndipo njira yozungulira imatha. Vuto la m'mphepete mwa kuzizira kwa m'badwo woyamba ndi m'mphepete wosakwanira, makamaka m'mphepete mwa kuwala kotsala kumapeto kwa mzere wolekanitsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe kosakwanira ka nkhungu kapena makulidwe ambiri a rabara pamzere wolekanitsa (woposa 0.2mm).
（2） Makina achiwiri ochotsera madzi a cryogenic
Makina achiwiri ochotsera madzi oundana a cryogenic asintha katatu kutengera m'badwo woyamba. Choyamba, refrigerant imasinthidwa kukhala nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi. Ayezi wouma, wokhala ndi malo ocheperako a -78.5°C, siwoyenera ma rabara ena ofooka kutentha, monga rabara ya silicone. Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, yokhala ndi malo owira a -195.8°C, ndi yoyenera mitundu yonse ya rabara. Chachiwiri, kusintha kwachitika pachidebe chomwe chimasunga ziwalo zomwe ziyenera kudulidwa. Chimasinthidwa kuchoka pa ng'oma yozungulira kupita ku lamba wozungulira ngati chonyamulira. Izi zimathandiza kuti ziwalozo zigwere mumng'alu, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kupezeka kwa mawanga akufa. Izi sizimangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso zimawonjezera kulondola kwa m'mphepete. Chachitatu, m'malo mongodalira kugundana pakati pa ziwalozo kuti zichotse m'mphepete mwa flash, zinthu zophwanyika bwino zimayambitsidwa. Ma pellets achitsulo kapena pulasitiki olimba okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 0.5 ~ 2mm amawomberedwa pamwamba pa ziwalozo pa liwiro la mzere wa 2555m/s, ndikupanga mphamvu yayikulu yokhudza. Kusinthaku kumafupikitsa kwambiri nthawi yozungulira.
（3） Makina achitatu ochotsera madzi oundana a cryogenic
Makina achitatu ochotsera mpweya woipa (cryogenic deflashing machine) ndi abwino kwambiri chifukwa cha m'badwo wachiwiri. Chidebe cha zigawo zomwe ziyenera kudulidwa chimasinthidwa kukhala chidebe chokhala ndi makoma obowoka. Mabowo awa amaphimba makoma a chidebecho ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5mm (okulirapo kuposa mainchesi a zipolopolo) kuti zilole zipolopolozo kudutsa m'mabowo bwino ndikubwerera pamwamba pa zida kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito. Izi sizimangokulitsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya chidebecho komanso zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo osungira zinthu (zipolopolo). Chidebe cha zigawo sichimayikidwa moyima mu makina odulira, koma chili ndi kupendekera kwina (40°~60°). Ngodya yopendekera iyi imapangitsa kuti chidebecho chitembenuke mwamphamvu panthawi yozungulira chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu ziwiri: imodzi ndi mphamvu yozungulira yomwe imaperekedwa ndi chidebecho chikugwa, ndipo inayo ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imapangidwa ndi kupendekera kwa zipolopolo. Mphamvu ziwirizi zikaphatikizidwa, kuyenda kwa 360° konse kumachitika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigawozo zichotse m'mphepete mwa kuwala mofanana komanso kwathunthu mbali zonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-08-2023
